Sources: worldsteel · IEA · UNIDO · Global Energy Monitor · IEEFA · SEAISI 2024
Bubble size ∝ production · Colour = selected mode · Blue ★ = H₂-DRI project sites · Tap/hover any bubble
| Project | Country | Capacity | H₂ Type | Status | Year | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HYBRIT / SSAB | Sweden | 1.3 Mt/yr | Green | Demo | 2026 | >5,000 t; 0.0 t CO₂/t steel |
| Stegra (H2 Green Steel) | Sweden | 2.5 Mt/yr | Green | Construction | 2025–26 | First large-scale 100% green H₂ DRI |
| Ovako / Hitachi Energy | Sweden | 20 MW | Green | Operational | 2023 | First green H₂ for steel reheating |
| Salzgitter SALCOS | Germany | 1.9 Mt/yr | Green | Construction | 2027 | EU-funded H₂-DRI-EAF conversion |
| ArcelorMittal Hamburg | Germany | 0.1 Mt/yr | Green | Demo | 2024 | First DRI shaft retrofit to 100% H₂ |
| ArcelorMittal Sestao | Spain | 1.6 Mt/yr | Green | FID Deferred | TBC | Deferred despite €3B EU subsidies |
| HBIS Group | China | Pilot | Blue/Green | Demo | 2023 | First H₂-DRI demo in China |
| Jindal Steel | India | Pilot | Green | Operational | 2024 | First green H₂ in Indian steel sector |
| Emirates Steel ESAD | UAE | 9 Mt/yr DRI | Blue | Operational | Existing | World's largest DRI complex |
| Boston Metal (MOE) | USA | Pilot | Green (elec) | Demo | 2026 | Molten oxide electrolysis — no H₂ |
| Tata Steel Port Talbot | UK | 3 Mt/yr | EAF transition | Construction | 2027 | BF→EAF; £500M UK gov funded |
IEA BAR 2025: ≥10 H₂-DRI projects in Europe. Near-zero iron capacity ~80 Mt. Only 10 Mt achievable by 2030.
91% CO₂ reduction vs BF-BOF. Each kg green H₂ avoids ~25 kg CO₂.
Green H₂: 0.8 Mt in 2024. 2030 potential fell 49→37 Mtpa (IEA GHR 2025).
Capital committed now to BF-BOF locks in emissions until 2060–2065.